Microscopic Identification of Japanese Woods

FFPRI : Microscopic Identification of Japanese Woods Home

Identification Code

・GROWTH RINGS
Growth ring boundary

		1. Distinct
		2. Indistinct or absent

・VESSELS
Porosity

		3. Ring-porous
		4. Semi-ring-porous
		5. Diffuse-porous

Vessel arrangement

		6. Tangential bands
		7. Diagonal and/or radial pattern
		8. Dendritic pattern

Vessel grouping

		9. Exclusively solitary (90% or more)
		10. Radial multiples of 4 or more common
		11. Clusters common

Solitary vessel outline

12. Angular outline

Perforation plate

		13. Simple
		14. Scalariform
		15. with up to 10 bars
		16. with 10-20 bars
		17. with 20-40 bars
		18. with 40 or more bars
		19. Reticulate/foraminate/other types

Intervessel pits

		20. Scalariform
		21. Opposite
		22. Alternate
		23. Shape of alternate pits polygonal

Intervessel pit size

		24. Minute: 4 μm or less
		25. Small: 4-7 μm
		26. Medium: 7-10 μm
		27. Large: 10 μm or more

Vestured pits

29. Vestured pits

Vessel-ray pitting

		30. Distinct borders; similar to V-V pits
		31. Reduced borders; round/angular
		32. Reduced borders; scalariform/palisade
		33. Two distinct sizes in the same ray cell
		34. Unilaterally compound and coarse
		35. restricted to marginal rows

Helical thickenings in vessel elements

		36. Present
		37. Throughout body of V-elements
		38. Only in V-elements tails
		39. Only in narrow V-elements

Tangential diameter of vessel lunima

		40. <50 μm
		41. 50-100 μm
		42. 100-200 μm
		43. >200 μm
		45. Two distinct diameter classes

Vessel frequency in no./mm2

		46. <5
		47. 5-20
		48. 20-40
		49. 40-100
		50. >100

Mean vessel element length

		52. <350 μm
		53. 350〜800 μm
		54. >800 μm

Tyloses and deposits in vessels

		56. Tyloses common
		57. Tyloses sclerotic
		58. Gums/deposits in heartwood vessels

Wood vesselless

59. Wood Vesselless

・TRACHEIDS AND FIBRES
Vascular/vascientric tracheids

60. Present

Ground tissue fibres

		61. Minutely bordered pits
		62. Distinctly bordered pits >3 micron
		63. Pit common in R&T walls

Helical thickenings

64. Present in ground tissue fibres

Septate fibres/Parenchyma-like fiber bands

		65. Septate fibres present/td>
		66. Non-septate fibres present

Parenchyma-like fibre bands

67. Present

Fibre wall thickness

		68. Lumina >3 times wider than double walls
		69. Thin to thick; distinctly open lumina
		70. Lumina almost completely closed

Mean fibre length

		71. <900 μm
		72. 900〜1600 μm
		73. >1600 μm

・AXIAL PARENCHYMA
Axial Parenchyma

75. Absent or extremely rare

Apotracheal axial parenchyma

		76. Diffuse
		77. Diffuse-in-aggergate

Paratracheal axial parenchyma

		78. Scanty paratracheal
		79. Vasicentric
		80. Aliform
		81. Lozenge-aliform
		82. Winged-aliform
		83. Confluent
		84. Unilateral paretracheal

Banded parenchyma

		85. >3 cells wide
		86. Narrow band <3 cells wide
		87. Reticulate
		88. Scalariform
		89. Marginal/irregularly zonate

Axial paremchyma cell type/strand length

		90. Fusiform
		91. 2 cells/strand
		92. 3-4 cells/strand
		93. 5-8 cells/strand
		94. >8 cells/strand
		95. Unlignified parenchyma

・RAY PARENCHYMA
Ray Parenchyma width

		96. Exclusively uniseriate
		97. 1-3 cells wide
		98. Larger rays commonly 4-10 seriate
		99. Larger rays commonly >10 seriate
		100. Width of multiseriate part = uniseriate part

Aggregate rays

101. Aggregate rays present

Ray height

102. Larger rays commonly > 1mm

Rays of two distinct sizes

103. Rays of two distinct sizes

Rays: Cellular composition

		104. All ray cells procumbent
		105. All ray cells square/upright
		106. 1 row of upright/square marginal cells
		107. 2-4 rows of upright/square marginal cells
		108. >4 rows of upright/square marginal cells
		109. Procumbet/square/upright cells mixed

Sheath cells

110. Present

Tile cells

111. Present

Perforated ray cells

112. Present

Disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls

113. Present

Ray frequency

		114. < 4 rays/mm
		115. 4-12 rays/mm
		116. > 12 rays/mm

Wood rayless

117. Rayless

・STORIED STRUCTURE
Storied structure

		118. All rays
		119. Low rays storied, high rays non-storied
		120. Axial parenchyma/vessel element storied
		121. Fibers storied
		122. Rays/axial parenchyma irregularly storied
		123. Number of ray tiers/mm

・SECRETORY STRUCTURE AND CAMBIAL VARIANTS
Oil cells/ Mucilage cells

		124. Associated with ray
		125. Associated with axial parenchyma
		126. Present among fibers

Intercellular canals

		127. Axial canals in long tangential lines: >5
		128. Axial canals in short tangential lines: 2-5
		129. Axial canals diffuse
		130. Radial canals
		131. Traumatic origin

Tubes/Tubules

132. Laticifers/tanniferous tubes present

Cambial variants

		133. Included phloem, concentric
		134. Included phloem, diffuse
		135. Other cambial variant

・MINERAL INCLUSIONS
Prismatic crystals

		136. Prismatic crystals present
		137. In upright/square ray cells
		138. In procumbent ray cells
		139. In radial alignment in procumbent cells
		140. In chambered upright/square ray cells
		141. In non-chambered AP cells
		142. In chambered AP cells
		143. In fibres/td>

Druses

		144. Druses present
		145. In ray parenchyma cells
		146. In axial parenchyma cells
		147. In fibers
		148. In chambered cells

Other crystal type

		149. Raphides
		150. Acicular crystals (small needle-like)
		151. Styloids/Elongate crystals
		152. Crystals of other shapes (mostly small)
		153. Crystal sand (granular mass)

Other diagnostic crystal feature

		154. >1 of same size in 1 cell/chamber
		155. Two distinct sizes in 1 cell/chamber
		156. Crystals in enlarged cells
		157. Crystals in tyloses
		158. Cystoliths

Silica

		159. Silica bodies present
		160. In ray cells
		161. In axial parenchyma cells
		162. In fibres
		163. Virtreous silica